Things I thought would were in the "too hard" basket:

First up; check this video analysis and enhancement link:

http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/videoenhancement/videoEnhancement.htm

That shows a system that can take pictures and map them to moving video to upscale the resolution of videos. The processing can also do other depth based interpretation and correction. Amazing stuff there!

Also, Echonest audio analysis:

http://the.echonest.com/analyze/

It can take an audio sample (eg. MP3) and spit out a comprehensive XML giving you beat, timings, spectral and timbre quantities and timings (== separate instrument musical notes). It really is listening and transcribing audio with impressive precision.

Hardcore awesome.